鉴别书画藏品，需要从纸张、墨色、画风、笔触流畅等方面进行观察和鉴别。您需要对作者在各个时期的风格和技巧有很好的了解。建议去博物馆等地看看他的一些已经确认为真品的作品，了解他的习惯，甚仔细观察他使用的印章。.
To identify calligraphy and painting collections, we need to observe and identify them from the aspects of paper, ink color, painting style, smooth strokes, etc. You need to have a good understanding of the author's style and skills in various periods. It is suggested to go to museums and other places to see some of his works that have been confirmed as authentic, understand his habits, and even carefully observe the seals he uses
有时候，模仿者可能会很好地复制作者的字画风格，但在使用印章时，由于印台而存在缺陷。纸是一个容易被伪造的链接。泛黄、破损、起皱等历史痕迹是常见的老方法。
Sometimes, the imitator may well copy the author's calligraphy and painting style, but when using the seal, there are defects due to the printing pad. Paper is an easy link to be forged. Yellowing, damage, wrinkling and other historical traces are common old methods.
一般来说，古人对墨水的使用是非常讲究的，尤其是大师们，他们收藏的都是墨水。即使他们经历了历史的沧桑，如果你仔细闻一闻，你还是会分辨出神年浩墨的舒适芬芳和现代仿墨。有轻微刺鼻气味。
Generally speaking, the ancients were very particular about the use of ink, especially the masters, who collected high-quality ink. Even though they have experienced the vicissitudes of history, if you smell it carefully, you will still distinguish the comfortable fragrance of shennian Hao ink from the modern imitation ink. There is a slight pungent smell.
此外，还需要了解一些书画所用材料的历史过程。比如唐代以前只有卷轴和壁画，唐代以后只有竖卷；后唐五朝有布壁画（丝面木框）。镜框是民国以后传入的。
In addition, we also need to understand the historical process of some materials used in calligraphy and painting. For example, before the Tang Dynasty, there were only scrolls and murals, and after the Tang Dynasty, there were only vertical scrolls; There are cloth murals (silk faced wooden frames) in the later Tang and Five Dynasties. Frames were introduced into China after the Republic of China.
了解这些历史知识，可以帮助你在被卖家忽悠时轻松识破。还有一种情况需要注意，那就是“旧纸旧墨作新画”。在这种情况下，这完全取决于您对作家的了解程度。
Knowing these historical knowledge can help you easily see through when being fooled by the seller. There is another situation that needs attention, that is, "old paper and old ink make new paintings". In this case, it all depends on how well you know the writer.
去各种市场和博物馆。一般来说，博物馆里真品多，市面上假货多。比较两者的区别。注意观察真正的产品在哪里，它的特点是什么；假冒产品在哪里，推断其造假方法。尽努力“确定”。
Go to various markets and museums. Generally speaking, there are many authentic products in museums and many fakes on the market. Compare the differences between the two. Pay attention to where the real product is and what its characteristics are; Where are the counterfeit products and infer their counterfeiting methods. Make every effort to "confirm".
字画鉴定评估人员建议还可以参考拓片、影印本及各类书画书籍，有助于古代书画鉴定。但是，必须确定引用本身。柱子的用途虽多于铭文，但也有先刻、先延、翻转、后延的区别。它比碑文复杂，而且记载中所载的传记不仅不一定是真的，而且记载的作品中的文物也不一定是真的。有不少，我们不能完全相信或轻易相信，认为某本书的影印或某本书的描述一定是宝物。
The appraisers suggest that rubbings, photocopies and various calligraphy and painting books can also be referred to, which is helpful for the appraisal of ancient calligraphy and painting. However, you must first determine the reference itself. Although the use of columns is more than that of inscriptions, there are also differences between first engraving, first extending, overturning and later extending. It is more complicated than the inscriptions, and the biographies contained in the records are not necessarily true, and the cultural relics in the works recorded are not necessarily true. There are many, we can not fully believe or easily believe that a photocopy of a book or a description of a book must be a treasure.
此外，还应广泛阅读有关历史、地理、艺术和文学的书籍，以增加知识。如果不做深入的研究，不了解它的概括性，你不仅无法判断它的可信与否，而且如何找到信息，如何利用一些有利的信息来为我们鉴定书画服务，所以文献资料的阐述也是鉴别书画的基本技巧之一。
In addition, books on history, geography, art and literature should be widely read to increase knowledge. If you do not do in-depth research and understand its generality, you will not only be unable to judge whether it is credible or not, but also how to find information and how to use some useful information to identify calligraphy and painting for us. Therefore, the elaboration of literature is also one of the basic skills to identify calligraphy and painting.
