济南收购字画判定中的要素
Elements of Ji'nan's acquisition of calligraphy and painting
资料与翰墨，是方式和形象的联系，更是古玩判定常说的书画判定中的两要素。资料是“死”的，翰墨是“活”的。前者易言传，后者难意会。原因很简单，关于“死”的东西，只需有充沛的时刻，科学的剖析，一般人是能够接受的。但不扫除也有钻牛角不解之人。关于“活”的东西，不是时刻能解剖其间之秘要。翰墨需要人用热情去感悟，用大脑去了解。当然没有很多的资料，没有广博的常识，是不可能做到的。每个人的常识与了解程度不同，接受能力亦天然纷歧。
Data and calligraphy, is the way and image of contact, but also antique judgement experts often say that the two elements of painting and calligraphy. Information is "dead" and "ink" is "alive". The former is easy to say, but the latter is hard to understand. The reason is very simple, about the "dead" thing, only need plenty of moments, scientific analysis, ordinary people can accept. But there are also people who do not sweep up their own. What is "alive" is not always able to dissect the secret. Calligraphy requires people to feel with enthusiasm and understand with their brains. Of course, there is not much information and no broad sense of common sense. Everyone's common sense is different from his understanding degree, and his ability to accept is different.
资料指的是书画家创造以外的东西。详细分纸（绢）质，墨色，颜料，印泥四部分。表面上看，这四点没有多大学说。 其实不然，特别是在判定远古书画著作时，资料的区分能够直接对某些膺品作出科学的结论，无须深化。 比方一幅明代的书画，如果发现著作的资料不到年纪，或者是新的， 就底子不必再深化研讨，要知道，古人是不会用后人的东西。
Information refers to something beyond the creation of calligraphers and artists. Detailed paper separation (silk), ink, pigment, ink paste four parts. On the surface, these four points do not have much theory. In fact, otherwise, especially in the judgment of ancient calligraphy and painting works, the distinction of information can directly make scientific conclusions on some fakes, without deepening. For example, a painting and calligraphy of the Ming Dynasty, if it is found that the material of the work is not old, or new, it is not necessary to further study the basis, you know, the ancients will not use the things of future generations.
资料学说基本能够归纳成一界说：一点假即全假，也就是说发现资料的其间一点是假的，就能够判定整件著作是假的！于书画著作残缺接笔， 不能抽象归纳混合其间，应另开思路科学对待！ 虽然资料一点假即全假，可是，资料真纷歧定著作真，同时代的仿品，老纸新作等膺品存世量巨大， 只要在必定资料的根底上，判定才有必要深化研讨。
The doctrine of data can be summed up as a basic demarcation: a little false is all false, that is to say, if a little false is found in the course of the data, the whole work can be judged false! As for calligraphy and painting works incomplete pen, can not abstract induction and mixing, it should be another way of thinking, scientific treatment! Although a bit of information is false or false, but the data is different from the true book, contemporary imitations, old paper and new works and other fakes are in great quantity in the world, as long as the basis of the necessary information, judgment is necessary to deepen the study.
值得弥补的是，新手关于一些用老纸，老墨，老颜料，老印泥制造的伪作，会发生必定的疑问，其实这个疑问是很单纯的， 因为墨， 颜料， 印泥只要在纸质上运用之后，通过长时刻氧化，才能体现出它的古气，现成运用这些老资料，出来的效果其实和新资料相差无几，是很简单分辨的。 除了同时代的仿品以外，现成的任何伪作是没有古气的。 总归，资料是判定的根底，在判定过程中，应谨慎对待，不可小看。
It is worth making up for, novice about some old paper, old ink, old pigment, old mud made of fake, will have a certain doubt, in fact, this question is very simple, because ink, pigment, mud as long as the use of paper, through long-term oxidation, can reflect its antique, ready-made use of these. The effect of old data is quite different from that of new data. In addition to the contemporary imitations, the existing counterfeit works are not ancient. In general, information is the basis of judgement and should be treated with caution in the process of judgement.
翰墨是作者创造之心境，翰墨是著作表达之言语。翰墨能够反映出书画的时代气味，个人风格， 判定一件著作，要了解著作的时代气味，进而了解作者的日子时代，活动场所， 然后研讨作者不同时代不同的风格，这些常识有些是把握的，有些是能够灵敏推理，究竟书画历史悠久，名家辈出， 存世量巨大，任何判定家不可能进入书画之悉数。
Calligraphy is the mood created by the author, and calligraphy is the language of expression. Calligraphy and calligraphy can reflect the flavor of the times, personal style, determine a work, first of all, to understand the smell of the times of the work, and then understand the author's time, place of activity, and then study the author of different times of different styles, some of these common sense is grasped, some are able to reason sensitively, after all, the Chinese book Painting has a long history, famous artists come out in large numbers, the world is huge, any judge can not enter the Chinese painting and calligraphy of all.
著作的时代气味，是证明作者日子时代，活动场所的条件。我们知道，在书画开展史上，同一个时代，不同的地域，都活泼着不同的书画门户，所以，当了解了著作的时代气味，就能够深化切割研讨不同地域的不同门户，二者前后融会贯通，然后达到判定的目的。翰墨是判定书画时代气味的法宝，也是判定的必经之路，判定书画时代气味以翰墨入手。
The smell of the times is the condition to prove the author's activity in the day. We know that in the history of the development of Chinese painting and calligraphy, the same era, different regions, are lively with different portals of painting and calligraphy, so, when we understand the era of the work smell, we can deepen the study of different portals in different regions, the two before and after integration, and then achieve the purpose of judgment. Calligraphy and painting is the magic weapon to determine the smell of the times, but also the only way to determine, determine the smell of the times to start with calligraphy and painting.
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