书画赝品的造假方法主要有如下几个：勾填、对临、模仿、改落款。下面，
字画鉴定评估人员就从这四个角度来探讨名人字画真迹与赝品的鉴定方法。
The counterfeiting methods of calligraphy and painting fakes are mainly as follows: filling in, copying, imitating, and changing the signature. Next, the appraisers of calligraphy and painting will discuss the identification methods of authentic and fake celebrity calligraphy and painting from these four perspectives.
1、从勾填和对临切入。
1. Start with the tick and the opposite.
此处主要的是看书画家的艺术风格特点。每一位书画家都会有自己的艺术风格，越是大师级的名家越有自己的独到之处。无论是书法，还是山水人物花鸟画，只要认真研究，都可从中看出书画家本身的笔法轨迹和一些习惯性的技法。因此，我们在收藏某幅字画前就先要详细研究其创作者的艺术特色，包括师承渊源、风格流派、笔法技巧、用墨用色的习惯等等等等，从而有助于鉴定某些作品究竟是否该艺术家的真迹，如果是赝品也能指出其破绽所在，说出个子丑寅卯，让人心服口服。
Here is mainly the artistic style of the calligrapher. Every calligrapher and painter will have his own artistic style, and the more famous the master, the more unique he is. Whether it is calligraphy or landscape figure flower and bird painting, as long as you study it carefully, you can see the calligrapher and painter's own brushwork track and some habitual techniques. Therefore, before collecting a painting or calligraphy, we should first study the artistic characteristics of its creator in detail, including the origin of the teacher, the style of the school, the technique of the brush, the habit of using ink and color, etc., so as to help identify whether some works are the true work of the artist. If it is a fake, it can also point out its flaws, tell the ugly Yinmao, and make people convinced.
2、收藏古字画要注意时代风格。
2. Pay attention to the style of the times when collecting ancient calligraphy and paintings.
不同时代的书画在风格和题材上都是有区别的，风格脉络都很清晰且各有特色。如果一幅古画所表现出来的某些特点完全不符合该画所声称的创作时代，比如宋朝的作品不应该出现明朝的元素。当然，这就需要藏家有很高的艺术和历史修养，如果水准不够那就要特别小心了，某幅所谓的古字画可能是数百年后的模仿之作甚是今人的伪作，谨防被赝品所骗。
Calligraphy and painting in different times are different in style and subject matter, and the style context is very clear and has its own characteristics. If some characteristics of an ancient painting do not conform to the time of creation claimed by the painting, for example, the works of the Song Dynasty should not contain the elements of the Ming Dynasty. Of course, this requires collectors to have a high level of artistic and historical accomplishment. If the level is not enough, it is necessary to be particularly careful. A so-called ancient calligraphy and painting may be imitated hundreds of years later or even faked by modern people. Beware of being cheated by fakes.
3、研究书画的落款和印章。
3. Study the signature and seal of calligraphy and painting.
落款和印章是书画家的身份标签，要鉴定书画的真伪，研究其落款印章也是必修之课。对落款，一是要研究书画家的笔法特色，二是要了解书画家的个人习惯喜好。对印章，一是看印章的形状、刻法、篆文以及用料质地，二是看所用印泥。另外，还要注意落款年月是否与作者的生平相符，比如不能宋朝的画家在落款时留了个明朝皇帝的年号，或者推算之下发现落款的年份那位书画家已经早已过世，出现这种情况也肯定是赝品无疑了。
The signature and seal are the identity labels of calligraphers and painters. To identify the authenticity of calligraphers and painters, studying their signature and seal is also a required course. For signature, one is to study the characteristics of calligraphers and painters' brushwork, and the other is to understand the personal habits and preferences of calligraphers and painters. For seals, one is to look at the shape, carving method, seal character and material texture of the seal, and the other is to look at the ink used. In addition, we should also pay attention to whether the signing date is consistent with the author's life. For example, the painter of the Song Dynasty left the year of the Ming Dynasty emperor when signing the bill, or it was found that the calligrapher and painter of the signing year had already passed away, which must be a forgery.
4、研究书画的材质。
4. Study the material of calligraphy and painting.
不同时代的书画载体是有区别的，同样是纸和绢，但不同朝代的原料和制造工艺也不尽相同。比如，宋朝和元朝的绢在精细度和色度上就是有差别的，如果某幅书画落款的朝代与当时的绢、纸材质不符，我们当然可以怀疑这是赝品。当然，这对收藏者的要求比较高，一般没有多年经验的非专门的人员是难以具备这种鉴定水平的。
The carriers of painting and calligraphy in different times are different. They are also paper and silk, but the raw materials and manufacturing processes in different dynasties are also different. For example, there are differences in fineness and chroma between the silks of the Song Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty. If a painting or calligraphy is signed in a dynasty that does not match the material of the silk and paper at that time, we can certainly suspect that it is a fake. Of course, the requirements for collectors are relatively high. Generally, it is difficult for non-professional personnel without many years of experience to have such identification level.
To master the identification method of celebrity calligraphy and painting, we need to first understand the common means of calligraphy and painting fakes, so as to improve our identification ability. I hope the above content can help you. Please come to our website for more relevant matters http://www.jinandayatang.com Ask!
