收购名人字画人员告诉您，现在鉴定还是以传统的方法为主，与个人的艺术修为及实践经验也有密切联系，其中看笔墨是基础。
The personnel who bought famous people's calligraphy and painting told you that the current appraisal is mainly based on traditional methods, and it is also closely related to personal artistic accomplishments and practical experience, in which pen and ink is the basis.
先看“用笔”这是关键，从用笔的功力就可看出水平如何。几十年的艺术修为与几年艺术修为功力是大不相同，能从用笔中体现出来。鉴别中须将每一笔拆开，看其是否到位。
The key is to use a pen first. The skill of using a pen can show how good you are. Decades of artistic accomplishments are quite different from years of artistic accomplishments, which can be reflected in the use of pens. During identification, each stroke shall be disassembled to see whether it is in place.
二看“用墨”。看墨的层次，前笔和后笔能分开，该重则重，该淡则淡。而且有韵味，如同“余音绕梁三日”黑白分明，前后层次分明。
Second, look at "using ink". Look at the level of ink. The front and back strokes can be separated. The heavy strokes are heavy, and the light strokes are light. And it has a lasting appeal, like the "lingering sound around the beam for three days", which is clear in black and white, with clear levels before and after.
三看“用水”。要会用水，如“泼水法”。
Third, look at "water". Be able to use water, such as "water sprinkling".
四看“用色”。矿物质颜料，历史愈久越漂亮，不会褪色，而植物质颜料则会随时间而逐渐褪色。其中，笔墨不可造假，这是重要的鉴别依据。因为仿造笔墨达不到原本的境界。所以对笔墨有深刻的理解与认识往往会在书画鉴定上掌握主动权。
Fourth, look at "color". Mineral pigments, the longer the history, the more beautiful, will not fade, while vegetable pigments will fade over time. Among them, the pen and ink cannot be forged, which is an important identification basis. Because the imitation pen and ink can not reach the original state. Therefore, having a deep understanding and understanding of the brush and ink often takes the initiative in the identification of calligraphy and painting.
以上是从个人风格的角度谈怎样鉴别，同时书画的时代风格不可忽略。如北宋以全景山水为主，而南宋则以局部画为主，主题更易突出表现。所以若看到全景山水多为北宋年间的，局部画则是南宋年间的作品。掌握了时代风格，就可大致判定时期。
The above is about how to identify from the perspective of personal style. At the same time, the contemporary style of calligraphy and painting cannot be ignored. For example, the Northern Song Dynasty was dominated by panoramic landscapes, while the Southern Song Dynasty was dominated by local paintings, and the theme was more prominent. Therefore, if you see the panoramic landscape, it is mostly from the Northern Song Dynasty, and the local paintings are from the Southern Song Dynasty. Once you master the style of the times, you can roughly judge the period.
另外，还须从题款、图章、纸等方面进行鉴别。例如：题款分上、下款，上款若题“大人”“先生”的属清代。而图章多在名字的下方，从风格可鉴别时代。若是复制的就比较模糊，刀法粗糙，无神韵。书画用纸在唐代多是麻料纸（含麻的纤维），宋则用皮料纸（纤维很细）难的莫过于“鉴真”而不是“鉴伪”。
In addition, it is necessary to identify the title, seal, paper, etc. For example, the title can be divided into upper and lower sections, and those with the title "Sir" and "Sir" belong to the Qing Dynasty. The stamps are mostly below the name, which can identify the era from the style. If it is copied, it is vague, and the sabre technique is rough, without verve. In the Tang Dynasty, the paper for painting and calligraphy was mostly made of hemp (fiber containing hemp), while in the Song Dynasty, the paper made of leather (fiber very fine) was more difficult than "authenticating" rather than "authenticating".
所谓的“鉴伪”，就是依据某些瑕疵将作品断定为赝品。在大多数时候，这种判断是有道理。但有时候也不尽然。谢稚柳就曾说，书画家有时候可能会因为创作的环境、心情或其他原因，而在作品中表现出和一贯风格不一样的地方。
The so-called "fake identification" is to judge a work as a fake according to some defects. Most of the time, this kind of judgment is reasonable. But sometimes it is not. Xie Zhiliu once said that calligraphers and painters may sometimes show differences from their usual styles in their works because of the creative environment, mood or other reasons.
相信很多从事书画创作的人都会有这样的经验。但据此就断定作品是伪作或存疑，显然是不科学。有的人动辄将作品看假，有时即使是真品，但略有瑕疵，也会因为“慎重”而把作品断为伪作。
I believe that many people engaged in calligraphy and painting creation will have such experience. However, it is obviously unscientific to conclude that the work is fake or doubtful. Some people often look at their works as fake. Sometimes even if they are genuine, they will judge their works as fake because of their "prudence".
若发现此类鉴定“失误”，追究起来，他可以说是自己眼力较严，两手一甩，人们也会因为他的“把关严”而理解、原谅他。
If he finds such "mistakes" in identification, he can be said to have a strict eye and people will understand and forgive him for his "strict control".
In order to better understand calligraphy and painting, knowledge is the way for us to enter this industry. We should read more historical books, understand the ancient painting style, and know more about the works in museum exhibitions. More relevant matters come to our website to http://www.jinandayatang.com and painting for consultation!
