The primary purpose of distinguishing calligraphy and painting is to distinguish the true from the false. Collectors all hope to collect authentic products, but they can't distinguish them because of limited eyesight, so it's necessary to identify them. Therefore, in the following passage, Da Ya Tang explains the methods and characteristics of painting and calligraphy counterfeiting

1、勾填：纸上蜡，覆在真迹上，勾出轮廓，填上墨，其特点是有形无神。

1. Tick filling: paper waxed, covered in the original, tick out the outline, fill in ink, its characteristics are tangible without spirit.

2、临：对临，有原本对照，看一笔，画一笔。此法，神或许可体现些许，但不，易错位，不能一气呵成（一气呵成才有神韵）。凑出来的作品神韵不易体现，多半是没有成名的画家为生存而作。

2. Pro: to pro, there are original contrast, see a stroke, draw a stroke. This method, God may reflect a little, but it is not comprehensive, easy to dislocation, and can not be achieved at one go. The charm of the works is not easy to reflect. Most of them are made for survival by no famous artists.

3、仿：无原本作依据，大致画出一个风格体现出原画七八成的画意。

3. Imitation: without the original as the basis, roughly draw a style, reflecting 70% of the original painting.

4、造：既无原本，也无画迹流传下来，凭空造画，毫无依据。如市场上有唐伯虎画的虎，其实唐伯虎没有画过虎。

4. Creation: there is neither original nor trace of painting handed down. There is no basis for making paintings out of thin air. For example, there are tigers painted by Tang Bohu in the market. In fact, Tang Bohu has never painted a tiger.

5、改：改款将小名家的落款擦掉，落上大名家的款。

5. Change: change the money to wipe out the signature of a little celebrity and put it on the money of a big celebrity.

6、揭二层：夹宣本书画是可以揭下来的，那么一张原作可以揭成两张，对下面模糊的一张再加工。

6. Uncovering the second layer: Jiaxuan calligraphy and painting can be uncovering, then one original can be uncovering into two, and the fuzzy one below can be reprocessed.

7、代笔：过去知名书画家有时请朋友代笔，如宋徽宗有个画院，专请人为之代笔，他题名落款即可。

7. Ghostwriting: in the past, well-known calligraphers and painters sometimes asked their friends to do the ghostwriting. For example, song Huizong had a painting academy, which specially invited people to do the ghostwriting. He could just sign his name.

大雅堂通过对书画做假方法及特点的讲解，希望能够帮助到对书画收藏感兴趣的朋友。

By explaining the methods and characteristics of painting and calligraphy counterfeiting, Da Ya Tang hopes to help the friends who are interested in painting and calligraphy collection.