Chinese calligraphy and painting is the treasure of the world's painting art. Compared with Western painting, Chinese calligraphy and painting are more artistic. So how to identify the true and false of celebrity calligraphy and painting?

主要看笔锋，笔墨，情感，格调意境，流派风格，构图，落款  时代特征与个人风格

It mainly depends on the stroke, ink, emotion, style, artistic conception, genre style, composition, signature, era characteristics and personal style

书画是作品，必然留下时代特征，不同时代字画特征不一。唐朝之前的山水画恐怕难令人置信，用楷书冒充西汉书法也不会有人相信。只要对字画年代宇型、画技画风有大概了解，明显的伪品欺骗就可鉴别。

Calligraphy and painting are works, which inevitably leave the characteristics of the times. The characteristics of calligraphy and painting are different in different times. I'm afraid it's hard to believe the landscape paintings before the Tang Dynasty, and no one will believe the regular script as the calligraphy of the Western Han Dynasty. As long as we have a general understanding of the age and style of calligraphy and painting, we can identify the obvious fake deception.

对于名家作品，要了解名家的生平、艺术风格与创作题材范围，更要了解他们的笔墨技法。名家的艺术表现技法是长期操练后而形成的，一般人要模仿难免有败笔显露，抓住某人笔法特点研究深，则容易辨认伪作。

For the works of famous artists, we need to understand their life, artistic style and the scope of their creative themes, as well as their brush and ink techniques. The artistic expression techniques of famous artists are formed after long-term practice. If ordinary people want to imitate, they will inevitably fail to show. If they grasp someone's writing characteristics and study them deeply, they are easy to identify the forgeries.

纸、帛的鉴别

Identification of paper and silk

字画是作于纸和帛之上的，帛的寿命一般百年左右，纸的寿命约在千年之内。当然，出土文物中的纸帛由于地下埋葬环境的不同，仍可能超越千年。例如绢帛在晋唐之前是单丝织成，直到宋代才发现双丝织成的绢帛，比元明时期的绢显得细密。由绢的质量类别可以断定字画年代。

Calligraphy and painting are made on paper and silk. The life of silk is generally about 100 years, while the life of paper is about 1000 years. Of course, due to the different burial environment, the paper and silk in the unearthed cultural relics may still be more than a thousand years old. For example, silk was made of single silk before the Jin and Tang Dynasties. It was not until the Song Dynasty that silk made of double silk was found, which was finer and denser than that in the yuan and Ming Dynasties. The quality of silk can be used to determine the age of calligraphy and painting.

纸，也有时代痕迹。隋唐之前，纸以麻料作原料，显得纤维较租，纸张不够细洁;隋唐之后，树皮被用来造纸，其纸质就比以前精细;北宋中期后，造纸原料多样化，纸质也呈现多样化了。实际上，民间收藏的字画仅以明清以后时期多见，这是因为纸、绢本身难于历经数百年保存的缘故。再加上造伪者的混淆，所以有人认为古字画中相当部分是鱼目混珠。

Paper, also has traces of the times. Before the Sui and Tang Dynasties, paper was made of hemp, so the fiber was relatively cheap and the paper was not clean enough; After Sui and Tang Dynasties, bark was used to make paper, and its paper was more refined than before; After the middle period of Northern Song Dynasty, the raw materials of papermaking were diversified, and the paper was also diversified. In fact, the folk collection of calligraphy and painting is only common after the Ming and Qing Dynasties, this is because the paper and silk itself is difficult to survive for hundreds of years. Coupled with the confusion of counterfeiters, some people think that a considerable part of ancient Chinese characters and paintings are fishy eyed.

始用石料印章。明代石料印章普遍，篆文刻法采用“锤头式”，使用大多是油樱清代印章形状、字体、字形均呈多样化，印色为油质。

The stone seal was first used. Stone seals were common in the Ming Dynasty, and the "hammer head" style was adopted in seal cutting. Most of the seals were made of oil cherry. The shapes, fonts and glyphs of the seals in the Qing Dynasty were diversified, and the printing color was oily.

画中人物衣服与生活用具的鉴别各个年代冠服往往不同，生活用具也有差别，可以据以鉴别。

The identification of the clothes and daily utensils of the figures in the painting is often different in different ages, and the daily utensils are also different, which can be used to identify.